2012年7月17日星期二

Oracle连接MySQL-使用DG4ODBC.

Oracle连接MySQL-使用DG4ODBC.

最近做了一次Oracle连接到MySQL的实验,主要是通过DG4ODBC来连接的.以下是实验环境和实验步骤.
Oracle服务器:
IP:192.168.0.193
Database Version:11.2.0.1
MySQL服务器
IP:192.168.0.100
MySQL Version:5.5.18
1.首先要检查Oracle和DG4ODBC是32位还是64位.
[oracle@11g ~]$ file $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dg4odbc
/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dg4odbc: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, AMD x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, not stripped
这里可以看到是64位的.所以必须使用64位的ODBC Driver Manager和64位的ODBC Driver.
2.下载并安装64位的ODBC Driver Manager UnixODBC 2.2.14.
下载地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/unixodbc/files/unixODBC/2.2.14/unixODBC-2.2.14-linux-x86-64.tar.gz/download
#这里下载到了/home/oracle目录下面
[oracle@11g ~]$ ls -l unixODBC*
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 756418 Dec 13 18:17 unixODBC-2.2.14-linux-x86-64.tar.gz
[oracle@11g ~]$ mkdir -p ~/app/unixodbc-2.2.14
[oracle@11g ~]$ cd ~/app/unixodbc-2.2.14/
[oracle@11g unixodbc-2.2.14]$ gunzip -c ~/unixODBC-2.2.14-linux-x86-64.tar.gz | tar xvf -
#因为UnixODBC的包lib和bin是在/usr/local文件夹里面.为了方便其见,我们把他们移动到上层目录上来.
[oracle@11g unixodbc-2.2.14]$ mv ~/app/unixodbc-2.2.14/usr/local/* .
[oracle@11g unixodbc-2.2.14]$ rm -rf usr/
#检查一下目录的内容
[oracle@11g unixodbc-2.2.14]$ ls -l
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 20 2008 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 20 2008 include
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 20 2008 lib
3.下载并安装ODBC Driver
下载地址:http:http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/Connector-ODBC/5.1/
#这里下载到了/home/oracle目录下面
[oracle@11g ~]$ ls -l mysql-connector-odbc-5.1.8-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5725402 Dec 14 22:40 mysql-connector-odbc-5.1.8-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz
[oracle@11g ~]$ cd app/
[oracle@11g app]$ gunzip -c ~/mysql-connector-odbc-5.1.8-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz | tar xvf -
[root@11g app]# ln -s mysql-connector-odbc-5.1.8-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit myodbc-5.18
4.配置MYSQL Connector(ODBC driver)
首先在mysql服务器上新建一个用户,并建相关的表
mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to mysql_user@localhost identified by "mysql_user";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table t (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> insert into t values (20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
然后在Oracle所在的服务器上面的/oracle/home/app下面建立odbc.ini文件,添加加以下内容
[myodbc5]
Driver = /home/dbs/app/myodbc-5.18/lib/libmyodbc5.so
Description = Connector/ODBC 5.1 Driver DSN
SERVER = 192.168.0.100
PORT = 3306
USER = mysql_user
PASSWORD = mysql_user
DATABASE = test
OPTION = 0
TRACE = OFF
5.使用isql来进行验证
[oracle@11g ~]$ export ODBCINI=/home/oracle/app/odbc.ini
[oracle@11g ~]$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/oracle/app/unixodbc-2.2.14/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[oracle@11g bin]$ ./isql myodbc5 -v
[S1000][unixODBC][MySQL][ODBC 5.1 Driver]Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.0.100' (113)
[ISQL]ERROR: Could not SQLConnect
这里报错.这是因为mysql新建的mysql_user用户不允许其他ip访问.切换到mysql服务器上面进行检查.
[root@buddy ~]# mysql --user=mysql_user --password=mysql_user --host=192.168.0.100 --port=3306
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '192.168.0.100' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
进入数据库查询可以清楚的看到只有localhost才能访问mysql_user;
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------+
| host      | user       |
+-----------+------------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root       |
| ::1       | root       |
| buddy     |            |
| buddy     | root       |
| localhost |            |
| localhost | mysql_user |
| localhost | root       |
+-----------+------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#修改权限.
mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to 'mysql_user'@'%' identified by 'mysql_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------+
| host      | user       |
+-----------+------------+
| %         | mysql_user |
| 127.0.0.1 | root       |
| ::1       | root       |
| buddy     |            |
| buddy     | root       |
| localhost |            |
| localhost | mysql_user |
| localhost | root       |
+-----------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果还是不行,就需要把mysql服务器的防火墙关闭.
[root@buddy init.d]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
然后切换到oracle服务器上执行isql命令测试
[oracle@11g bin]$ ./isql myodbc5 -v
+----------------------+
| Connected!           |
|                      |
| sql-statement        |
| help [tablename]     |
| quit                 |
|                      |
+----------------------+
SQL> show tables;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_test       |
+----------------------+
| t                    |
+----------------------+
SQLRowCount returns 1
1 rows fetched
6.配置tnsnames.ora文件,增加下列内容.
myodbc5=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 192.168.0.193) (PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = myodbc5)
)
(HS=OK)
)
7.配置listenner.ora文件,增加下列内容.
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=myodbc5)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM=dg4odbc)
(ENVS=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/oracle/app/unixodbc-2.2.14)
)
)
8.配置静态监听,初始化参数文件.initmyodbc5.ora
[oracle@11g ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/hs/admin/initmyodbc5.ora
#加入下列内容
[注意]:HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO是Data Source的名字.这个名字是odbc.ini文件里面定义的.
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=myodbc5 # Data source name in odbc.ini
# HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=user
HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME=/home/oracle/app/unixodbc-2.2.14/lib/libodbc.so
HS_FDS_SUPPORT_STATISTICS=FALSE
HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN.AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
# ODBC env variables
set ODBCINI=/home/oracle/app/odbc.ini
9.重启监听,让刚才修改的文件生效.
[oracle@11g ~]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 19:50:34

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.193)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@11g ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 19:50:45

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.193)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.193)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 15-DEC-2011 19:50:45
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.0.193)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "myodbc5" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "myodbc5", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
重启监听之后,可以看到myodbc5已经注册上了,但是状态是UNKNOWN,这种情况是正常的.因为我们还没有尝试使用该服务,最后尝试去TNSPING一下.看看能不能ping通.
[oracle@11g admin]$ tnsping myodbc5
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2011 20:00:10

Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 192.168.0.193) (PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = myodbc5)) (HS=OK))
OK (0 msec)
10.创建Database Link.
[oracle@11g admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 15 20:02:16 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create public database link myodbc5 connect to "mysql_user" identified by "mysql_user" using 'myodbc5';

Database link created.

SQL> select * from "t"@myodbc5;

id
----------
20
[注意]:当通过Link查询mysql的表,推荐在命名使用双引号,除非MySQL Server上设置了ANSI_QUOTES.
至此.Oracle已经能够正常通过DG4ODBC连接到MySQL了.
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How To Access MySQL from Oracle With ODBC and SQL

Posted by Grégory Guillou on Mar 13, 2009
The Oracle gateway for ODBC provides an almost seamless data integration between Oracle and other RDBMS. I won’t argue about its performance, limits, or relevance. It serves a few purposes; set it up and you’ll be able, for example, to create database links between Oracle and MySQL. After all, wouldn’t it be nice if you could run some of the following SQL statements?
  • select o.col1, m.col1 from oracle_tab
    o, mysql_tab@mysql m where o.col1=m.col1;
  • insert into oracle_tab (select * from mysql_tab@mysql);
This post is intended to share, the same way Karun did it for SQL Server last year, some tips related to the setup of the Oracle Gateway for ODBC with MySQL Connector ODBC on Linux.

Prerequisites

I’ve installed all the configuration on my laptop to test it. It’s running Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex 32bits, but I won’t dig into the challenge of installing the MySQL Connector ODBC 5.1 on it. All I’ll tell you is that, if I understand correctly, the version of iodbc that comes with Intrepid doesn’t support MySQL Connector ODBC 5.1 too well, and the messages that it returns are not quite explicit. To be frank, what I did is put that monkey on Augusto’s back. He sorted out everything in a few minutes. I guess I have to thank Augusto twice, just for this post! I’ve also followed his “Installing Oracle 11gR1 on Ubuntu 8.10 Intrepid Ibex” post to install the Oracle part.
But let’s talk about the prerequisites! You need to have installed and configured the following components:

Creating a MySQLDEMO database, user and table

For the purpose of the demonstration, I’ve created a database, a user and a table named DEMO with the mysql client. You’ll find the script below.
Important Note:
The gateway for ODBC doesn’t look to work correctly when data are stored in utf8 in MySQL, whether or not the Connector/ODBC does the transformation into a non-utf8 character set. For this reason, I set the MySQL database default character set to latin1. I suspect somehow the issue is related to the ODBC driver: if I use latin1 on the client side, Oracle should not see any difference, whatever the storing character set is. Anyway, there is also a limitation on the Oracle side, and it doesn’t handle utf8 correctly with the Connector (see MySupport note 756186.1) 
$ mysql -uroot -p

create database demo character set latin1;
grant all privileges on demo.* to 'demo'@'localhost'
   identified by 'demo' with grant option;
flush privileges;
exit;

$ mysql -udemo -pdemo -Ddemo

create table demo (
   col1 integer,
   col2 date,
   col3 varchar(10),
   col4 varchar(10) character set utf8,
   col5 varbinary(10)) engine innodb;

insert into demo(col1, col2, col3, col4, col5)
   values(1, cast(now() as date), '0123456789', '0123456789', '0123456789');

select * from demo \G

*********** 1. row ************
col1: 1
col2: 2009-03-11
col3: 0123456789
col4: 0123456789
col5: 0123456789

exit;

Creating an ODBC DSN to access the DEMO database

Once the database was created, I created a user DSN in the Oracle owner, so that the the listener can get it via the dg4odbc program. By default the file that store the user DSN is $HOME/.odbc.ini, but you can change it to any file/location that fits your needs. This is how the file looks like on my server: 
$ cat ~oracle/.odbc.ini
[ODBC Data Sources]
demo = MySQL ODBC Driver 5.1

[demo]
Driver      = /home/oracle/mysql515/lib/libmyodbc5.so
DATABASE    = demo
DESCRIPTION = MySQL ODBC 5.1.5 Connector Sample
PORT        = 3306
SERVER      = 127.0.0.1
# UID         = demo
# PWD         = demo
CHARSET     = latin1
TRACEFILE   = /tmp/myodbc-demodsn.trc
TRACE       = OFF
Make sure the CHARSET parameter is set so that it doesn’t use utf8.

Configuring dg4odbc to use the DSN

dg4odbc gets its settings from a file named init[SID].ora located in $ORACLE_HOME/hs/admin. In this case, SID is an arbitrary parameter we’ll configure in the listener.orafile (see next section). I’ve used SID=mysql for this demo, and the initmysql.ora file looks like the one below:
$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/hs/admin/initmysql.ora
#
# HS init parameters
#
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=demo
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=0
HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME=/home/oracle/mysql515/lib/libmyodbc5.so
HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P15
# HS_NLS_NCHAR=AL32UTF8
#
# ODBC specific environment variables
#
set ODBCINI=/home/oracle/.odbc.ini
set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/oracle/mysql515/lib

#
# Environment variables required for the non-Oracle system
#
set HOME=/home/oracle
As you can see above:
  • ODBCINI is the location odbc.ini the file.
  • HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO points to the right DSN.
  • HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME points to ODBC driver shared library.
  • HS_LANGUAGE is set to avoid the problem described in Oracle MySupport “756186.1: Error Ora-28500 and Sqlstate I Issuing Selects From a Unicode Oracle RDBMS With Dg4odbc To Mysql”.

Configuring the listener

To configure the listener, I had to change the listener.ora file to add the SID defined in the previous section and associate it with the gateway for ODBC; here is a copy of my setup used; I’ve kept all the settings (host, port, dynamic registration) default:
$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = mysql)
      (PROGRAM = dg4odbc)
      (ENVS ="LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/oracle/mysql515/lib:/usr/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib")
    )
  )
Once the listener is setup, you can bounce or reload it; if it’s not started, just start it:
$ lsnrctl start
And add an entry in the listener.ora file like the one below; make sure you’ve added HS=OK and that it’s not in the CONNECT_DATA clause:
MYSQL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
                 (HOST = localhost)
                 (PORT = 1521)
      )
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = mysql)
    )
    (HS = OK)
  )

Creating a database link to connect to MySQL from Oracle

At this point, and after a little debugging of the different layers, I was able to create a database link from Oracle to MySQL. To do so, I connected to Oracle and used the CREATE DATABASE LINK command:
$ sqlplus / as sysdba

create database link mysql
  connect to "demo"
  identified by "demo"
  using 'mysql';

select "col3" from "demo"@mysql;

col3
---------------------------------
0123456789
Note:
The case policy differs between Oracle and MySQL, and you must
always surround the table and columns name with double quotes.

Using the Gateway for ODBC

If you remember correctly, I stored the string “0123456789″ in col3, col4, and col5. You’ll see some of the issues with the character set by querying a datum stored in utf8:
select "col4" from "demo"@mysql;

col4
----------------------------------------
0 1 2 3 4
and one stored in a varbinary:
select "col5" from "demo"@mysql;

col5
--------------------
30313233343536373839
But you’ll also be able to enjoy some of the features of your new Oracle/MySQL integrated environment, and be able to create a table in Oracle using data from MySQL:
create table demo as
  select "col1" col1, "col2" col2, "col3" col3
    from "demo"@mysql;

select * from demo;

COL1 COL2      COL3
---- --------- ----------
   1 11-MAR-09 0123456789
Unfortunately, you cannot insert data directly from Oracle into MySQL with an insert as select:
insert into "demo"@mysql("col1").
  select 2 from dual;

ERROR at line 2:
ORA-02025: all tables in the SQL statement must be at the remote database
But you can workaround that issue with some PL/SQL (I’m not saying it’s efficient):
begin
  for i in (select col1, col2, col3 from demo) loop
     insert into "demo"@mysql("col1","col2", "col3")
       values (2,i.col2, i.col3);
  end loop;
end;
/

select "col1","col2", "col3"
  from "demo"@mysql;

col1 col2      col3
---- --------- ----------
   1 11-MAR-09 0123456789
   2 11-MAR-09 0123456789
To prevent the access to MySQL from Oracle, you can drop the database link:
drop database link mysql;
That is it. It works pretty well so far and, despite the limits of such an approach, it can be quite useful for those that want to migrate from MySQL to Oracle.
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