让Linuxt和oracle显示中文

一、对于linux 如下：

修改服务器端语言环境，将i18n里的信息修改成以下代码

vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n

1. LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"

2. LANGUAGE="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN"

3. SUPPORTED="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"

4. SYSFONT="lat0-sun16"

重新登录终端后再显示字符编码# echo $LANGzh_CN.GB18030以上这两种方法即可解决windows上传文件到linux在终端显示乱码问题。

然后安装中文字库，我的安装盘共有5张，这两个字库是在第4张盘中，文件名分别是：fonts-chinese-3.02-9.6.el5.noarch.rpm和fonts-ISO8859-2-75dpi-1.0-17.1.noarch.rpm。装完不用重启就显示正常了。

我在安装字体的时候rpm -ivh fonts-chinese-3.02-12.el5.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh fonts-ISO8859-2-75dpi-1.0-17.1.noarch.rpm

安装完毕重启！

二、对于oracle 修改oracle用户的.bash_profile环境变量文件：

 

1、以root登录，设置linux系统语言为中文，即zh_CN(可在/etc/sysconfig/i18n文件中修改，当然前提是你需要有中文的安装包）；设置完毕之后需要重启（远程登录的话好像只能重启了）或者按ctrl+alt+backspace组合键，使语言设置生效。

之所以设置系统语言为中文，是为了我们用客户端（比如secureCRT工具）登录服务器的时候可以显示中文，以验证oracle的正确。

2、以oracle用户登录编辑家目录下的.bash_profile文件，在其后添加 export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" #for 中文
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
nls_lang是数据库的字符集变量，默认的为AMERICAN

3、以sysdba来修改数据库的字符集，步骤如下：

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;//语句跟踪
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set


提示我们的字符集：新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集，这时我们www.linuxidc.com可以跳过超集的检查做更改：

SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

Database altered.

查看字符集是否改变：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
NLS_LANGUAGE ZHS16GBK ——已经改变，之前为AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM

PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET UTF8
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

19 rows selected.

重启刷新再检查一次：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
NLS_LANGUAGE ZHS16GBK
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM

PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET UTF8
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE

19 rows selected.

4、最后导入.dmp文件
$imp test/test1234
____________________________________________________________________________________导入的提示信息
Import file: expdat.dmp > mydata.dmp
Enter insert buffer size (minimum is 8192) 30720>
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
List contents of import file only (yes/no): no >

Ignore create error due to object existence (yes/no): no >

Import grants (yes/no): yes >

Import table data (yes/no): yes >

Import entire export file (yes/no): no > yes
—————————————————————————————————————————————————

上述步骤完成之后，如果在1.120服务器中运行select语句之后出现乱码（其实已经和之前出现？有很大的区别了，之所以出现乱码是因为终端字符集默认为UTF-8,我们可以更改linux下terminal的字符集为GBK登录试试看是否还有乱码出现）,这时候也可以用客户端工具 secureCRT以oracle用户登录192.168.1.120服务器，并设置后客户端的字符编码为简体中文，进行select语句查看，显示出来的就是中文了。这即是说，往数据表中插入数据的时候可以用客户端工具来完成。